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The Shrine of Imam Hussain ibn Ali ((アラビア語:مقام الامام الحسين) Urdu: آستان عالیہ حضرت امام حسین) is one of the oldest and renowned sites of pilgrimage which comprises the mosque and burial site of Imam Husayn Ibn Ali the third Imam of Shia Islam in the city of Karbala, Iraq. It stands on the site of the Mausoleum of Imam Husayn ibn Ali, the second grandson of Muhammad, near the place where he was martyred during the Battle of Karbala in 680 C.E..〔Shimoni & Levine, 1974, p. 160.〕〔Aghaie, 2004, pp. 10-11.〕 The tomb of Imam Husayn ibn Ali is one of the holiest places for Shias outside of Mecca and Medina, and many make pilgrimages to the site. Every year, millions of pilgrims visit the city to observe Ashura, which marks the anniversary of Imam Husayn ibn Ali's death.〔(Interactive Maps: Sunni & Shia: The Worlds of Islam ), PBS, accessed 9 June 2007.〕 The Umayyad and Abbasid caliphs prevented construction of the shrines and discouraged pilgrimage to the sites.〔al Musawi, 2006, p. 51.〕 The tomb and its annexes were destroyed by Abbasid caliph Al-Mutawakkil in 850-851 and Shi'a pilgrimage was prohibited, but shrines in Karbala and Najaf were built by the Buwayhid emir 'Adud al-Daula in 979-80.〔Litvak, 1998, p. 16.〕 The boundary wall of the shrine surrounds wooden gates covered with glass decorations. The gates open into a courtyard separated into smaller rooms or precincts with many ''"Iwans"'' along the walls. The grave of Imam Husayn ibn Ali is enclosed within a metal-mesh like structure, found directly beneath the golden dome. On March 5, 2013 the process of replacing the zarih (metal mesh like structure) over the tomb of Imam Husayn Ibn Ali (a.s.) was completed and the new zarih inaugurated.〔http://www.abna.ir/data.asp?lang=3&Id=394665〕 Al Abbas Mosque is located nearby. ==History of Karbala== Karbala, a city in Iraq is located about 100 km southwest of Baghdad at 32.61°N, 44.08°E. It was at first a desolate place and did not witness any noteworthy activity, although it was rich in water and its soil was fertile. When Imam Husayn arrived at Karbala and was surrounded by the forces of Ubaidullah bin Ziyad, he inquired about the name of the place. Someone replied it is Aqr - meaning ‘harsh’. Imam Husain then said: we seek refuge with Allah from Al Aqr. He once again asked the name of the village. Then one of the attendants replied, its name is Karbala. Imam Husain spontaneously declared: land of Karb and Bal’a meaning (land of) “torture and trial”. In the time of Imam Husain, the place was also known as al Ghadiriyah, Nainawa, and Shat ul Furat. Imam Husain bought a piece of land, after his arrival at Karbala from Bani Asad. He and his Ahl al Bait are buried in that portion, known by as Hair, where the Shrines are presently located. The history of destruction and reconstruction of the Shrines of Karbala is long. Both the Shrines were greatly extended by successive Muslim rulers, but suffered repeated destruction from attacking armies. Karbala's development was strongly influenced by the Persians. History has recorded the names of several rulers who shared the honor of extending, decorating and keeping the Shrines and its precincts in good condition. Among them is Fateh Ali Qajar, who in 1250 (A.H) ordered the construction of two Shrines, one over Imam Husain’s grave and the other over the grave of his brother, Imam Abul Fazlil Abbas ibn Ali. The first dome is 27 meters high and completely covered with gold. At the bottom, it is surrounded with 12 windows, each of which is about 1.25 m away from the other, from the inside, and 1.30 m from the outside. The Shrine has an area of 59 m / 75 m with ten gates, and about 65 rooms, well decorated from the inside and outside, and used as class rooms for studying. As for the grave itself, which is in the middle of the precinct, it is called the Rawzah or garden and it has several doors. The most famous one is called al Qiblah or Bab al Zah’ab. Karbala consists of some places like Ganj E Shaheedah where all the Followers of Imam Hussain were buried and Qatl Gaah where Imam Hussain and his followers fought with the Syrian Army 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Imam Husayn Shrine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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